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Polar Stereographic Projection Azimuthal Projections Azimuthal projections are obtained by projection on a horizontal or flat sheet of paper Since the paper is kept flat the projection forms a circular chart The reduced earth touches the paper at the pole called point of tangency Scale is correct only at the pole and expands away from the poles Scale Expansion of Azimuthal Projections Scale expansion is constant in all directions making the projection orthomorphic Latitudes are concentric circles and longitudes are radial straight lines from the poles Meridians and parallels intersect…

Lamberts Projection Lamberts Modification Lamberts is a non-perspective, orthomorphic, modified conical projection Lamberts modified the simple conic mathematically to make the cone go inside the reduced earth The parallel of origin is hence inside the reduced earth The parallels where the cone touches reduced earth are called its standard parallels Lambert modified the simple conic projection to make it usable for more latitudes Scale distortion was to limited to less than 1% for more greater latitude coverage Lambert’s Standard Parallels Standard parallels are latitudes where cone touches reduced earth Lamberts…

Conical Projections Introduction to Conical Projections Conical projections are made by wrapping the paper in a conical shape When the cone is cut open the projection is a circle with a sector missing Parallel of tangency is the latitude where the cone touches reduced earth Scale is correct only at the parallel of tangency and expands rapidly at higher as well as lower latitudes Scale expansion in all directions around a point is same and hence the projection is orthomorphic or conformal Latitudes are concentric arcs and longitudes are radial…