{"id":15872,"date":"2026-06-13T05:37:31","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T00:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/?p=15872"},"modified":"2026-07-26T10:59:10","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T05:29:10","slug":"world-met-organisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/world-met-organisation\/","title":{"rendered":"World Met Organisation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>Meteorological Organisation<\/h3>\n<h3>World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)<\/h3>\n<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) is a part of the United Nations Organisation that facilitates worldwide cooperation in consultation with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).<\/li>\n<li>World Weather Watch (WWW) coordinates using:\n<ul>\n<li>Global Observing System (GOS)<\/li>\n<li>Global Telecommunication System (GTS)<\/li>\n<li>Global Data Processing System (GDPS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>World Area Forecast System (WAFS) centres are located in London and Washington with 19 regional centres.<\/li>\n<li>RWAFC, New Delhi provides global aeronautical en-route weather forecasts to meteorological offices.<\/li>\n<li>WAFC prepares digital and gridded global forecasts four times daily and issues them within 6 hours of origin.<\/li>\n<li>Forecasts contain:\n<ul>\n<li>Upper Winds<\/li>\n<li>Temperature<\/li>\n<li>Humidity<\/li>\n<li>Maximum Wind<\/li>\n<li>Icing<\/li>\n<li>Turbulence<\/li>\n<li>Cumulonimbus (CB) Clouds<\/li>\n<li>Flight Level and Tropopause Temperature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>WAFC also prepares SIGWX forecasts for radioactive material release and volcanic activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>India Meteorological Department (IMD)<\/h3>\n<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IMD has six Regional Meteorological Offices located at:\n<ul>\n<li>Delhi<\/li>\n<li>Mumbai<\/li>\n<li>Kolkata<\/li>\n<li>Chennai<\/li>\n<li>Guwahati<\/li>\n<li>Nagpur<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>IMD Websites:\n<ul>\n<li>https:\/\/mausam.imd.gov.in<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/imd.gov.in<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Meteorological Watch Offices (MWO) at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai provide meteorological services to their respective Flight Information Regions (FIR) and issue SIGMET.<\/li>\n<li>Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centres (TCAC) monitor tropical cyclones and issue advisories on position, movement, pressure, and wind.<\/li>\n<li>Aerodrome Meteorological Offices (AMO) are located at major airports and provide 24-hour weather watch.<\/li>\n<li>AMOs issue:\n<ul>\n<li>METAR<\/li>\n<li>SPECI<\/li>\n<li>RVR<\/li>\n<li>Weather Forecast<\/li>\n<li>TAF<\/li>\n<li>Landing Forecast<\/li>\n<li>Aerodrome Warning<\/li>\n<li>Briefing<\/li>\n<li>VOLMET<\/li>\n<li>ATIS<\/li>\n<li>Radar Images<\/li>\n<li>Satellite Images<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Aeronautical Meteorological Stations (AMS) observe current weather and provide aeronautical forecasts during watch hours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Meteorological Briefing<\/h3>\n<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>Notice Period for National Flights<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>AMO: 3 hours notice.<\/li>\n<li>AMS: 18\u201324 hours notice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Notice Period for International Flights<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Nagpur, Banaras, Guwahati, Hyderabad, and Thiruvananthapuram: 3 hours notice.<\/li>\n<li>Other AMOs: 12 hours notice.<\/li>\n<li>AMS: 18\u201324 hours notice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Online Briefing System (OLBS)<\/h3>\n<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<p>AMOs provide an Online Briefing System (OLBS) consisting of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wind and Temperature (FL50 to FL530)<\/li>\n<li>TAF (9 HR and 30 HR)<\/li>\n<li>National and WAFC SIGWX Charts<\/li>\n<li>METAR of major airports<\/li>\n<li>Satellite Imagery<\/li>\n<li>Radar Products<\/li>\n<li>Synoptic Features<\/li>\n<li>Route Forecast (T3 Format) for low-level flights<\/li>\n<li>Local and Area Forecasts for airports in FIR<\/li>\n<li>Take-off Data<\/li>\n<li>SIGMET Warnings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Exchange of Meteorological Messages<\/h3>\n<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>VOLMET<\/strong> \u2013 Meteorological information for aircraft in flight.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D-VOLMET<\/strong> \u2013 Data Link VOLMET providing METAR, SPECI, TAF (9 HR), SIGMET, and AIRMET.<\/li>\n<li><strong>VOLMET Broadcast<\/strong> \u2013 Continuous broadcast of METAR, SPECI, TAF (9 HR), and SIGMET on VOLMET HF.<\/li>\n<li>Broadcasts are made from Mumbai and Kolkata every 30 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ROBEX<\/strong> \u2013 Routine OPMET bulletin exchange for METAR, SPECI, and AIREP of international and alternate aerodromes outside India.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ATIS<\/strong> \u2013 Automatic Terminal Information System continuously broadcasting current weather information every half hour.<\/li>\n<li>Current Weather Displays are computer-based systems used inside Meteorological Offices and ATC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Meteorological Instruments<\/h3>\n<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Surface Pressure (hPa, mb, inHg):<\/strong> Mercury Barometer, Aneroid Barometer, Barograph<\/li>\n<li><strong>Upper Air Pressure:<\/strong> Radiosonde, Dropsonde<\/li>\n<li><strong>Air Temperature (\u00b0C):<\/strong> Mercury or Alcohol Thermometer<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dew Point:<\/strong> Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relative Humidity (%):<\/strong> Dry and Wet Bulb, Hygrometer, Psychrometer<\/li>\n<li><strong>Humidity Mixing Ratio (g\/kg):<\/strong> Hygrograph<\/li>\n<li><strong>Precipitation:<\/strong> Rain Gauge, Snow Gauge, Hyetograph<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wind:<\/strong> Wind Vane, Anemometer<\/li>\n<li><strong>Upper-Level Wind:<\/strong> Optical Theodolite, Pilot Balloon, RAWIN<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cloud Base:<\/strong> Searchlight, Laser Ceilometer, Balloon, Nephoscope, Alidade<\/li>\n<li><strong>Visibility:<\/strong> AVRA, Transmissometer, Scopograph, Forward Scatterometer<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cloud Observation:<\/strong> Weather Satellites, Radar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pre-Flight Meteorological Briefing<\/h3>\n<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-flight meteorological briefing provides written, printed, and digital weather information up to 3 hours before departure.<\/li>\n<li>Includes:\n<ul>\n<li>Upper Winds<\/li>\n<li>Temperature<\/li>\n<li>Maximum Wind<\/li>\n<li>Jet Stream<\/li>\n<li>Tropopause Height<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Oral briefing is provided when the required notice period is inadequate.<\/li>\n<li>Notice period:\n<ul>\n<li>AMO: 3 hours<\/li>\n<li>AMS: 12 hours<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reports:<\/strong> METAR, SPECI, TREND, AIREP, SIGMET, VA<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forecasts:<\/strong> En-route Weather, TAF, Take-off Forecast, Wind Shear Warning<\/li>\n<li><strong>Charts:<\/strong> SIGWX Charts<\/li>\n<li><strong>Imagery:<\/strong> Satellite and Ground Radar<\/li>\n<li>Low-level flight briefing (up to FL100, FL150 in mountainous regions) includes:\n<ul>\n<li>Poor Visibility (&lt;5000 m)<\/li>\n<li>Clouds affecting flight<\/li>\n<li>SIGMET\/AIRMET information<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Meteorological Briefing Documentation<\/h3>\n<p>  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/aviation-meteorology\/m31-world-met-organisation-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flight documentation is issued in Chart or Tabular format.<\/li>\n<li>Tabular Format (MET T3) for routes up to 500 NM.<\/li>\n<li>Cross Section Format (MET T4) for routes beyond 500 NM.<\/li>\n<li>Documentation includes:\n<ul>\n<li>Synoptic Situation<\/li>\n<li>Surface Pressure Data<\/li>\n<li>En-route Weather Outlook<\/li>\n<li>Cloud Amount and Type<\/li>\n<li>Upper Winds and Temperature<\/li>\n<li>Freezing Level<\/li>\n<li>Tropopause Data<\/li>\n<li>Surface Visibility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significant En-route Weather (High-Level Flights):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Thunderstorms (TS)<\/li>\n<li>Cumulonimbus (CB)<\/li>\n<li>Squall Line<\/li>\n<li>Hail<\/li>\n<li>Icing<\/li>\n<li>Precipitation<\/li>\n<li>Widespread Duststorm\/Sandstorm (DS\/SS)<\/li>\n<li>Marked Mountain Waves<\/li>\n<li>Moderate or Severe Turbulence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Additional Information for Low-Level Flights:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Fog<\/li>\n<li>Precipitation<\/li>\n<li>Weather likely to reduce visibility below 5000 m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meteorological Organisation World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) is a part of the United Nations Organisation that facilitates worldwide cooperation in consultation with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). World Weather Watch (WWW) coordinates using: Global Observing System (GOS) Global Telecommunication System (GTS) Global Data Processing System (GDPS) World Area Forecast System (WAFS) centres are located in London and Washington with 19 regional centres. RWAFC, New Delhi provides global aeronautical en-route weather forecasts to meteorological offices. WAFC prepares digital and gridded global forecasts four times daily and issues&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[358],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aviation-meteorology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15872"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16705,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15872\/revisions\/16705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}