{"id":14544,"date":"2025-06-07T16:36:39","date_gmt":"2025-06-07T11:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/?p=14544"},"modified":"2025-07-20T07:45:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T02:15:20","slug":"area-navigation-r-nav","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/area-navigation-r-nav\/","title":{"rendered":"Area Navigation (R-Nav)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Area Navigation System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>Area Navigation Systems (RNav)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Area Navigation is a system which permits aircraft to fly on any desired track using VOR-DME or self-contained navigational aids like INS or both<\/li><li>Phantom Stations generated by RNav as a bearing and distance from VOR-DME station assists in flying tracks without checking overhead a VOR<\/li><li>Required Navigation Performance (RNP) is the standard of accuracy required while flying RNav routes<\/li><li>Accuracy is defined on the basis of 95 % probability in both lateral as well as longitudinal directions<\/li><li>For example, RNP 5 means that 95% of aircrafts in that route would be within 5 NM radius of their stated position<\/li><li>RNP 5 also means that an aircraft would be within 5 NM of its stated position 95 % of the time<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Mandatory Accuracy for Required Navigational Performance (RNP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Required Navigational Performance could be specified for a route, a set of routes, an area or a volume of airspace of defined dimensions<\/li><li>RNav systems use a combination of VOR, DME, GPS, ILS, MLS, INS, IRS, ADC and Time information for position accuracy<\/li><li>The system processes these information and provides the Track Made Good, and Estimated Time of Arrival<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Advantages of RNav Routes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>RNav routes improve operational efficiency and cost for airliners by flying direct routes, reducing Flying time and Fuel<\/li><li>Air route capacity increases due to increased number of routes and reduction in horizontal and vertical separation<\/li><li>Area navigation provide choice of routes like ATC prepared RNav routes, By pass routes and Contingency routes<\/li><li>Ground based navigational facilities and holding locations can be reduced and optimised in area navigation system<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Types of RNav Systems<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Basic RNav System provides a position accuracy of 5 NM on 95 % probability<\/li><li>Precision RNav equipment provides a position accuracy of 1 NM on 95 % probability<\/li><li>2D RNav guides in horizontal plane, 3D RNav guides in both horizontal and vertical and 4D RNav includes a timing function<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>RNav Control Unit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Waypoints can be fed in the RNav system as either Way Point Number or Beacon Frequency or as Radial and Distance From Beacon<\/li><li>Horizontal Situation Indicator can be used to display the output of R Nav System<\/li><li>Full scale deflection of HSI indicates 5 NM deviation from airway centre-line during en-route segment<\/li><li>HSI indicates full deflection when aircraft is 1.5 NM deviation in approach segment and 10 Deg deviation while tracking in or out using VOR-DME<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>2D RNav System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>2D RNav system works uses inputs from VOR-DME in its line of sight within the Designated Operational Coverage<\/li><li>Since DME provides Slant Range, DME inputs may induce errors when the aircraft is close to DME<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>4D RNav Operation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>4D RNav system receives inputs from INS, IRS and GPS and compares the position with that obtained from VOR-DME<\/li><li>Flight Management Computer automatically calculates the final accurate position using the best set of navaids called as FMC Position<\/li><li>DME-DME fix is the preferred choice for position fixing due to its higher accuracy levels<\/li><li>VOR\u00e2\u20ac\u201cDME fix is the second choice since VOR accuracy is limited to 5\u00c2\u00b0<\/li><li>VOR-VOR fix is considered as the third choice since the accuracy is limited to 35 NM<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Advanced Deduced Reckoning by Flight Management Computer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>FMC calculates Wind Velocity in 4D RNav by an advanced form of Deduced Reckoning using TAS from ADC and Heading from RIC<\/li><li>Outside VOR-DME coverage, 4D RNav system uses IRS or INS for Deduced Reckoning using Last Known Position, Heading and TAS<\/li><li>RNav system automatically applies the required convergency values and provide headings to steer for flying Great Circle Routes<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Best of luck<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Area Navigation System Area Navigation Systems (RNav) Area Navigation is a system which permits aircraft to fly on any desired track using VOR-DME or self-contained navigational aids like INS or both Phantom Stations generated by RNav as a bearing and distance from VOR-DME station assists in flying tracks without checking overhead a VOR Required Navigation Performance (RNP) is the standard of accuracy required while flying RNav routes Accuracy is defined on the basis of 95 % probability in both lateral as well as longitudinal directions For example, RNP 5 means&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_featured_image":false},"categories":[326],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14544"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14544\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}