{"id":14526,"date":"2025-06-07T16:32:01","date_gmt":"2025-06-07T11:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/?p=14526"},"modified":"2025-07-20T07:36:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T02:06:07","slug":"microwave-landing-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/microwave-landing-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Microwave Landing System (MLS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Microwave Landing System<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>Introduction to Microwave Landing System (MLS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>MLS is an economical precision landing aid in SHF band frequencies between 5031.0 to 5090.7 MHz with a built in DME<\/li><li>Emission designator for MLS is N0X that indicates modulated carrier and data transmission<\/li><li>MLS includes Azimuth guidance, Elevation guidance, Distance measuring equipment, Missed approach system and Flare sub systems<\/li><li>MLS can be used in hilly terrain due to lack of site errors<\/li><li>MLS operates up to 200 channels in SHF band the system is not affected by civilian FM transmissions<\/li><li>Flexible approach direction and glide-path angle makes it suitable for all aircrafts including helicopters<\/li><li>MLS is capable of transmuting auxiliary information like weather and runway condition<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Principle of MLS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>MLS employs Time Referenced Scanning Beam (TRSB) and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) techniques<\/li><li>Azimuth scanning beam scans from left to right at 13.5 scans per second provides horizontal position of aircraft<\/li><li>Elevation scanning beam scans from top to button at 40.5 scans per second provides vertical position of aircraft<\/li><li>Time difference between To and From scans in both azimuth and elevation scans provide position information<\/li><li>Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) technique enables the MLS to use the same frequency for all sub-systems<\/li><li>Distance from threshold is provided by a frequency paired precision DME<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Coverage of MLS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>MLS coverage extends up to 20 nm and 20,000 ft in both dimensions<\/li><li>Azimuth coverage extends to 40 deg either side of runway<\/li><li>Elevation coverage extends from 0.9 to 20 degrees from the horizontal<\/li><li>Offset approach provides guidance to aircraft even from 2 NM from touch down<\/li><li>Back beam coverage extends up to 10 NM and 10,000 ft<\/li><li>Azimuth coverage extends to 20 deg either side of runway<\/li><li>Elevation coverage extends from 0.9 to 15 degrees from the horizontal<\/li><li>Back beams of MLS can be used for missed approach as well as departures<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Accuracy of MLS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>MLS displays course, height and distance of aircraft with respect to any selected approach path<\/li><li>ICAO recommended accuracy for MLS is 13.5 ft at the datum reference which is 50 ft above the runaway threshold<\/li><li>Although, the maximum permissible error is 27 feet at its maximum range of 20 NM but normally the error does not exceed 20 ft<\/li><li>Error in vertical is limited to 2 feet at datum reference and maximum permissible error is 0.2 degrees on a 3 degree glide path<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Best of luck<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Microwave Landing System Introduction to Microwave Landing System (MLS) MLS is an economical precision landing aid in SHF band frequencies between 5031.0 to 5090.7 MHz with a built in DME Emission designator for MLS is N0X that indicates modulated carrier and data transmission MLS includes Azimuth guidance, Elevation guidance, Distance measuring equipment, Missed approach system and Flare sub systems MLS can be used in hilly terrain due to lack of site errors MLS operates up to 200 channels in SHF band the system is not affected by civilian FM transmissions&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_featured_image":false},"categories":[326],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14526"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14526"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14526\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}