{"id":14235,"date":"2025-06-03T16:19:36","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T10:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/?p=14235"},"modified":"2026-07-26T10:16:03","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T04:46:03","slug":"simple-conical-projection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/simple-conical-projection\/","title":{"rendered":"Simple Conical Projection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/general-navigation\/g17-conical-projection-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Conical Projections<\/h2>\n<p>Conical Projections are map projections made by projecting the Earth&#8217;s surface onto a cone.<br \/>\nThey are most accurate for regions in the middle latitudes with east-west extent.<br \/>\nThey are commonly used in aviation charts, especially the Lambert Conformal Conic projection.<\/p>\n<h3>Introduction to Conical Projections<\/h3>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/general-navigation\/g17-conical-projection-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conical projections are produced by wrapping a sheet of paper into the shape of a cone around the <strong>Reduced Earth<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>When the cone is cut and opened, the projection appears as a <strong>sector of a circle<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>parallel of tangency<\/strong> is the latitude where the cone touches the Reduced Earth.<\/li>\n<li>Scale is correct only along the parallel of tangency.<\/li>\n<li>Scale expands rapidly at both higher and lower latitudes away from the parallel of tangency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Scale Expansion in Conical Projections<\/h3>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/general-navigation\/g17-conical-projection-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conical projections provide equal scale expansion in all directions around a point.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, they are generally <strong>orthomorphic (conformal)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Parallels of latitude are represented as <strong>concentric circular arcs<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Meridians are represented as <strong>radial straight lines<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Meridians and parallels intersect at <strong>right angles<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Parallel of Tangency<\/h3>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/general-navigation\/g17-conical-projection-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>parallel of tangency<\/strong> is also known as the <strong>parallel of origin<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>It is the latitude where the cone touches the Reduced Earth.<\/li>\n<li>A conical projection forms a <strong>sector of a circle<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The full <strong>360\u00b0 of longitude<\/strong> is represented by an angle of less than <strong>360\u00b0<\/strong> in the sector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Apex Angle in a Conical Projection<\/h3>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/general-navigation\/g17-conical-projection-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>apex angle<\/strong> is the angle subtended by the sector when the cone is opened.<\/li>\n<li>The apex angle is equal to <strong>twice the parallel of tangency<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>For example, if the parallel of tangency is <strong>45\u00b0<\/strong>, the apex angle is <strong>90\u00b0<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cone Constant<\/h3>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/general-navigation\/g17-conical-projection-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>cone constant<\/strong> is equal to the <strong>sine of the parallel of origin<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cone Constant = sin (Latitude of Origin)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The size of the sector depends on the cone constant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Arc of Sector in a Conical Projection<\/h3>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/general-navigation\/g17-conical-projection-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The arc of the sector depends on the <strong>sine of the parallel of origin<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Arc of Sector = Change in Longitude \u00d7 sin (Parallel of Origin)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Chart Convergence = Change in Longitude \u00d7 Cone Constant<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Scale in a Conical Projection<\/h3>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/page-show\/general-navigation\/g17-conical-projection-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Scale is correct where the cone touches the Reduced Earth.<\/li>\n<li>This occurs along the <strong>parallel of tangency (parallel of origin)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Scale increases rapidly as the distance from the parallel of tangency increases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conical Projections Conical Projections are map projections made by projecting the Earth&#8217;s surface onto a cone. They are most accurate for regions in the middle latitudes with east-west extent. They are commonly used in aviation charts, especially the Lambert Conformal Conic projection. Introduction to Conical Projections Conical projections are produced by wrapping a sheet of paper into the shape of a cone around the Reduced Earth. When the cone is cut and opened, the projection appears as a sector of a circle. The parallel of tangency is the latitude where&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[324],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cpl-atpl-general-navigation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14235"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14235\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16635,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14235\/revisions\/16635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}