{"id":14210,"date":"2025-06-03T16:11:13","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T10:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/?p=14210"},"modified":"2025-06-14T07:17:01","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T01:47:01","slug":"magmetism-compass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/magmetism-compass\/","title":{"rendered":"Magnetism and Compass"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>Earth Magnetism and Magnetic Compass<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>Earth Magnetic Field<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Earth behaves as a large magnet with a Magnetic North and South<\/li><li>Magnetic North is the direction indicated by the blue end of a freely suspended magnet<\/li><li>Earth\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s magnetic field is not exactly aligned to its polar axis since the Magnetic North is not co located with True north<\/li><li>Magnetic north is approximately 400 NM away from True north and moves at at a slow rate of 22 NM per year<\/li><li>Magnetic North and South poles are not diametrically opposite to each other<\/li><li>Magnetic compass is the primary direction-finding instrument in an aircraft<\/li><li>Compass uses only the Magnetic North seeking end for direction finding<\/li><li>Magnetic south does not play any role in direction finding<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Magnetic Variation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Magnetic Variation is the angular difference between the True and Magnetic north<\/li><li>Variation are measured in degrees depending on Magnetic North being east or west of True North<\/li><li>Variation is dependent on the relative position of Magnetic North and Aircraft<\/li><li>Maximum value of variation can be 180 deg east or west<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Isogonal and Agonal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Isogonal are lines joining places of equal variation<\/li><li>Isogonal lines converge on the True North and South as well as Magnetic North and South poles<\/li><li>Agonal are lines joining places zero variation<\/li><li>Agonal would be a great circle connecting true and Magnetic North poles<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Calculation of Magnetic Directions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Magnetic Variation has be applied to True Direction to get Magnetic Directions<\/li><li>West is given a value of (-) and East is given a value of (+)<\/li><li>Magnetic direction can be calculated using the value of variation<\/li><li>Variation west (-) magnetic best<\/li><li>Variation east (+) magnetic least<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Magnetic Dip Angle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Magnetic dip is the angle between the direction Earth&#8217;s Total Magnetic Field from the Horizontal to Earth Surface<\/li><li>Earth&#8217;s Magnetic field can be resolved into horizontal and vertical components<\/li><li>Horizontal component is the directive force of the magnet and helps in sensing the Magnetic North<\/li><li>Dip angle is zero at magnetic equator where the magnet stays horizontal to surface of earth<\/li><li>Dip angle is 90 degrees at poles where the magnet would become vertical to earth\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s surface<\/li><li>Field strength of a magnet is the measure of directive force or horizontal component of magnet measured in micro tesla<\/li><li>Due to high dip angle, compass is ineffective near the poles since it requires a minimum of 6 micro tesla to function properly<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Lines of Inclination<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Lines of Inclination join places of equal magnetic dip<\/li><li>Aclinical line joins places of zero dip angle which would coincide with the magnetic equator<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Compass Deviation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Compass deviation is difference between the magnetic north and the north indicated by aircraft&#8217;s compass called compass north<\/li><li>Electric and metallic objects near aircraft\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s compass cause called Deviation<\/li><li>Deviation is expressed in degrees East or West based on compass north being east or west of Magnetic North<\/li><li>Compass swing is the procedure to detect, correct and prepare a compass deviation card for residual deviation<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>Calculation of Compass Direction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Compass Deviation has to to be applied to Magnetic Directions to get Compass Directions<\/li><li>Plus and Minus signs are applied to compass heading to get magnetic heading<\/li><li>West is given a value of (-) and East is given a value of (+)<\/li><li>Compass direction can be calculated using the value of deviation<\/li><li>Deviation west (-) compass best<\/li><li>Deviation east (+) compass least<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>Best of luck<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earth Magnetism and Magnetic Compass Earth Magnetic Field Earth behaves as a large magnet with a Magnetic North and South Magnetic North is the direction indicated by the blue end of a freely suspended magnet Earth\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s magnetic field is not exactly aligned to its polar axis since the Magnetic North is not co located with True north Magnetic north is approximately 400 NM away from True north and moves at at a slow rate of 22 NM per year Magnetic North and South poles are not diametrically opposite to each&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_featured_image":false},"categories":[324],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14210"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14210\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibexaviation.com\/pilot-training\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}